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Newton’s Laws of Motion: The Basics That Move the Universe
Sir Isaac Newton’s three laws of motion, first published in 1687, form the foundation of classical physics — explaining how objects move, interact, and respond to forces. Though centuries old, these laws still shape everything from sports to space travel.
First Law: The Law of Inertia
An object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion stays in motion — unless acted upon by an external force.
In simple terms: things don’t start, stop, or change direction on their own. If a soccer ball isn’t kicked, it won’t move. If it’s rolling, it won’t stop unless something (like friction or a wall) slows it down.
Second Law: Force Equals Mass Times Acceleration (F = ma)
This law explains how much an object will accelerate when a force is applied.
Push harder, and it moves faster. Push the same force on something heavier, and it moves slower. It’s why a small car accelerates faster than a loaded truck when both hit the gas.
Third Law: Action and Reaction
For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
If you push against a wall, it pushes back with equal force. Rockets lift off by pushing exhaust down; the equal reaction pushes the rocket up.
These laws might sound simple, but they explain everything from falling apples to orbiting planets. Newton didn’t just describe how things move — he gave us the rules that drive the mechanics of the entire universe.